Gun Island

 Gun Island 

This blog is a part of a Thinking Activity on Gun Island given by Dilip Barad sir, HOD of the Department of English, MKBU. In this blog I am going to give answers to some questions related to 'Gun Island' by Amitav Ghosh.

Amitav Ghosh : 

Amitav Ghosh is a renowned Indian novelist who has explored themes of identity, history, and more recently, climate change through his literary works. Born in Kolkata in 1956, Ghosh had a multicultural upbringing as his family frequently relocated due to his father's career as a diplomat. After completing his education in Delhi and Oxford, Ghosh embarked on an academic path, working as a teacher before transitioning into full-time writing. His early novels, such as "The Circle of Reason" and "The Shadow Lines," received critical acclaim for their unique storytelling techniques and earned him international recognition.

Ghosh's literary repertoire is diverse, spanning various genres. He ventured into science fiction with "The Calcutta Chromosome" and delved into historical events in novels like "The Glass Palace" and "Sea of Poppies." In recent years, Ghosh has turned his attention to the pressing issue of climate change, exploring its complexities in works such as "Gun Island" and "Jungle Nama." In addition to his novels, Ghosh has authored several nonfiction books. His literary achievements have been widely recognized, culminating in the prestigious Jnanpith Award in 2018, making him the first English-language writer to receive this honor in India.

Through his compelling narratives, Ghosh has shed light on the multifaceted identities of India and Southeast Asia, while also addressing contemporary global challenges, solidifying his place as a literary giant in the Indian literary landscape. (Luebering)

Gun Island : 

The novel follows a rare book dealer named Deen Dutta, who becomes entangled in a mysterious adventure after receiving an enigmatic message from a former colleague. The message leads Deen to the Sundarbans, a vast mangrove forest straddling India and Bangladesh. In the Sundarbans, Deen encounters a peculiar cult that worships a powerful deity associated with snakes and firearms, known as the Gun Runners. As Deen delves deeper into the cult's history and mythology, he finds himself on a globetrotting journey that takes him from the Sundarbans to Venice, Los Angeles, and ultimately, a tiny island in the Sundarbans known as Gun Island.

Throughout his travels, Deen encounters a diverse array of characters, each with their own connection to the Gun Runners and the impending threat of climate change. The novel explores themes of migration, displacement, and the devastating impact of rising sea levels on coastal communities. Ghosh skillfully weaves together elements of folklore, mythology, and environmental activism, creating a multi-layered narrative that examines the interconnectedness of human beings and their relationship with the natural world. "Gun Island" is a thought-provoking exploration of the consequences of climate change and the resilience of communities in the face of environmental upheaval.

Major Characters : 

Deen Dutta: The protagonist, a rare book dealer from Brooklyn, whose quest to unravel the mystery of the Gun Runners takes him on a global adventure.

Piya Basu: A marine biologist and cetologist (whale researcher) who becomes Deen's companion and love interest during their journey.

Rafi: A mysterious figure from the Sundarbans who introduces Deen to the cult of the Gun Runners and their beliefs.

Tipu: A former ship's captain and resident of the Sundarbans, who helps Deen navigate the region and its legends.

Cinta Kaur: A powerful merchant from the 19th century, whose story intertwines with the present-day narrative and the history of the Gun Runners.

Mahmoud Amin: An Egyptian-American entrepreneur and Deen's former colleague, whose message sets Deen on his quest.

Zahir: A young migrant from Venice, whose connection to the Gun Runners and the city's history becomes pivotal.

Lucia: A rare book dealer and friend of Deen's from Los Angeles, who aids him in his research.

Kanai Dutt: Deen's nephew, who joins him on part of his journey and represents the younger generation's concern for the environment.

How does this novel develop your understanding of a rather new genre known as 'cli-fi'?

Amitav Ghosh's novel "Gun Island" is a prominent example of climate fiction (cli-fi), a genre that explores the consequences and ramifications of climate change through storytelling. While climate change is a pressing global issue, it is often overshadowed or overlooked in literature, making Ghosh's work a significant contribution to this emerging genre. In "Gun Island," Ghosh skillfully weaves the impact of climate change into the narrative, using various references and events as metaphors for the looming environmental crisis. He draws attention to the devastating effects of severe storms like 'Bhola' and 'Aila,' which have ravaged coastal regions, causing widespread destruction and displacement.

Ghosh also highlights the plight of marine life, depicting incidents of dolphins washing ashore, a poignant reminder of the delicate balance of ecosystems and the threats they face due to climate change. Furthermore, he incorporates vivid descriptions of floods, wildfires in Las Vegas, and the presence of invasive species like shipworms and spiders in Venice, all serving as powerful symbols of the Earth's changing landscape.

Through these carefully crafted elements, Ghosh's novel transcends mere storytelling and becomes a powerful vehicle for raising awareness about the urgent need to address climate change. By intertwining the narrative with environmental themes, he encourages readers to contemplate the far-reaching consequences of inaction and prompts discussions on strategies to mitigate and adapt to the challenges posed by a rapidly changing climate. "Gun Island" stands as a testament to the power of climate fiction, demonstrating how literature can be a catalyst for environmental consciousness and a call to action in the face of one of the greatest threats facing humanity.

Aila Cyclone : 

A powerful tropical storm, Aila, unleashed its fury on Bangladesh and India in 2009, leaving a trail of devastation in its wake. The storm's fierce winds and torrential rains triggered catastrophic floods and mudslides, claiming the lives of at least 191 people and rendering many others homeless. Kolkata, the bustling metropolis of India, also bore the brunt of Aila's wrath. The city was pummeled by strong gusts and incessant downpours, causing trees to topple, roads to become impassable, and transportation systems to grind to a halt. Despite warnings from meteorological agencies, the intensity of the storm caught many residents off guard.

Kolkata plunged into darkness as power outages swept across the city, leaving numerous individuals stranded in train stations and airports. The chaos and disruption highlighted the city's lack of preparedness in dealing with such extreme weather events, underscoring the urgent need for robust disaster management strategies. While Kolkata was spared from the storm's most severe impact, the city still faced significant damage. However, in the aftermath of Aila's passage, resilient residents and authorities swiftly mobilized cleanup efforts, working tirelessly to restore a sense of normalcy to the battered city. (Deogawanka)

Bhola Cyclone : 

Etched into the annals of history as one of the deadliest natural disasters ever recorded, the Bhola Cyclone left an indelible mark of devastation in its wake. Striking East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) and the West Bengal region of India on November 12-13, 1970, this catastrophic tropical cyclone unleashed its fury with a staggering toll, estimated to have claimed between 300,000 and 500,000 lives, primarily in East Pakistan. Born in the Bay of Bengal, the cyclone rapidly intensified before making landfall, bringing with it devastating storm surges, ferocious winds, and torrential rainfall. Homes, infrastructure, and agricultural lands were laid to waste, with the low-lying coastal regions of East Pakistan bearing the brunt of the storm's wrath, inundated by relentless storm surges that flooded vast swaths of land, leaving a trail of unimaginable loss of life.

In the aftermath, a harrowing humanitarian crisis unfolded, characterized by widespread devastation and a desperate need for relief efforts. However, the remote and inaccessible nature of many affected areas, coupled with the prevailing political tensions within Pakistan at the time, hindered the delivery of aid, exacerbating the already dire situation.

The Bhola Cyclone served as a stark reminder of the vulnerability of coastal communities to the unforgiving forces of nature and underscored the urgent necessity for improved disaster preparedness and mitigation strategies. In response, significant efforts were undertaken to strengthen cyclone forecasting and warning systems in the region, as well as to enhance disaster response capabilities and resilience-building initiatives. To this day, the memory of the Bhola Cyclone remains a poignant reminder of the catastrophic potential of natural disasters, informing and shaping disaster management strategies in Bangladesh and neighboring regions. Its legacy stands as a solemn call to action, emphasizing the critical importance of preparedness, resilience, and unwavering commitment to safeguarding lives and communities against the unpredictable forces of nature.

How does Amitav Ghosh make use of the 'etymology' of common words to sustain mystery and suspense in the narrative?

In Amitav Ghosh's novel "Gun Island," the author deftly employs the etymology, or the historical origins and evolutions of words, to create depth and intrigue within the narrative. One striking example is the exploration of the word "bundook," meaning "gun" in Hindi. As the protagonist, Deen, a rare book dealer, delves into the legend of the Gun Merchant, he encounters this word and embarks on a journey to unravel its origins. This pursuit unveils connections to ancient myths and historical events, propelling Deen's quest to understand the Gun Merchant's enigmatic presence and uncover the underlying truths. The intertwined histories of the Gun Merchant and the goddess Manasa Devi serve as a catalyst, igniting Deen's desire to comprehend the profound impact of climate change on human lives and ecosystems.

Ghosh's skillful integration of etymology extends beyond the word "bundook." Throughout the narrative, he incorporates the origins and meanings of other words, such as "refugee" and "trafficking," shedding light on pressing global issues. As Deen encounters individuals fleeing environmental disasters and victims of human trafficking, he reflects on the etymological roots of these terms, prompting readers to contemplate the human stories behind these labels and the interconnectedness of their struggles.

Ghosh's exploration of etymology transcends linguistic boundaries. The author infuses the narrative with words and phrases from various languages, adding depth and authenticity to the diverse settings portrayed. For instance, Ghosh incorporates Italian words and phrases into the dialogue of characters like Gisa, while also weaving in words from languages like Bangla. This linguistic tapestry not only enriches the storytelling but also reflects the cultural diversity and global nature of the issues addressed in the novel.

Through his masterful use of etymology, Ghosh invites readers to embark on a journey of discovery, uncovering the layers of meaning hidden within words and their historical origins. This literary technique not only enhances the novel's depth and complexity but also encourages readers to contemplate the intricate connections between language, culture, and the pressing challenges facing humanity in an ever-changing world.

Is there any connection between 'The Great Derangement' and 'Gun Island'?

Amitav Ghosh's works, "The Great Derangement" and "Gun Island," share a connection, with the latter serving as a creative manifestation of the ideas explored in the former. "The Great Derangement: Climate Change and the Unthinkable" is a non-fiction work in which Ghosh critically examines the absence of climate change discourse within contemporary literature and intellectual circles. He argues that despite the urgency and far-reaching consequences of the climate crisis, it remains largely overlooked and underrepresented in cultural and artistic expressions.

In contrast, "Gun Island" represents Ghosh's fictional response to the issues raised in "The Great Derangement." Through this novel, Ghosh seamlessly weaves themes of climate change, environmental degradation, and their profound impacts on human societies and ecosystems into the narrative fabric. By incorporating these elements into his storytelling, Ghosh bridges the gap between academic discourse and narrative fiction, inviting readers to engage with the complexities of climate change through an immersive and emotionally resonant medium.

While "The Great Derangement" serves as a clarion call for greater cultural and literary engagement with the climate crisis, "Gun Island" stands as a testament to Ghosh's commitment to addressing this challenge through his artistic expression. By crafting a compelling narrative that grapples with the implications of climate change, Ghosh not only responds to his own critique but also offers a powerful example of how fiction can serve as a catalyst for awareness, dialogue, and potential action.

In this way, "Gun Island" can be viewed as a creative extension of the ideas presented in "The Great Derangement," demonstrating Ghosh's ability to transcend the boundaries of academic discourse and introduce these crucial themes into the realm of narrative storytelling. Through this interplay between his non-fiction and fictional works, Ghosh has established himself as a literary voice at the forefront of the climate change conversation, using the power of words to ignite consciousness and inspire a more profound engagement with one of the most pressing challenges of our time.

Work Cited :

"Claude AI." ClaudeAI.com, Claude Technologies Inc., 2022, https://www.claudeai.com/ 

Deogawanka, Sangeeta, and Anil Gulati. “Cyclone Aila 2009.” India Water Portal, 1 June 2009, https://www.indiawaterportal.org/articles/cyclone-aila-2009 . Accessed 25 February 2024.

Luebering, J.E.. "Amitav Ghosh". Encyclopedia Britannica, 30 Jan. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Amitav-Ghosh. Accessed 25 February 2024.

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Assignment 4 : Research Methodology - What is MLA? How is it Helpful?

 Name : Anjali M. Rathod

Enrollment no. : 4069206420220024

Roll no. : 02

Batch : M.A. Sem. 4 (2022-24)

Paper no. : 209 - Research Methodology

Email Address: rathodanjali20022002ui@gmail.com

Submitted to : Smt. S.B. Gardi, Department of English, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar - 364002

Date of Submission : 26th April, 2024

Assignment Topic : What is MLA? How is it Helpful? 

What is MLA Format? : 

MLA (Modern Language Association) style is a widely used citation and formatting style guide primarily used in the humanities disciplines, such as literature, language, cultural studies, and related fields. Its purpose is to provide a standardized system for documenting and crediting sources used in academic writing, ensuring consistency, clarity, and integrity in the presentation of research.

MLA style refers to the style recommended by the Modern Language Association (MLA) for preparing scholarly manuscripts and student research papers. It concerns itself with the mechanics of writing, such as punctuation, quotation, and, especially, documentation of sources.

Founded in 1883, the MLA is a leading academic professional organization in the US that promotes scholarship of languages and literature.

Aside from its major yearly convention, the MLA publishes academic journals, such as Publications of the Modern Language Association of America.

The MLA also publishes its guidelines for documenting sources. Geared towards high school and undergraduate students, the MLA Handbook is in its eighth edition and came out in spring 2016. You likely used this in your high school and college English classes.

The MLA Style Manual is especially for graduate students, and went into its third edition in spring 2016. (Claude AI)

In MLA documentation style, you acknowledge your sources by key- ing brief parenthetical citations in your text to an alphabetical list of works that appears at the end of the paper. The parenthetical citation that concludes the following sentence is typical of MLA style.

The aesthetic and ideological orientation of jazz underwent considerable scrutiny in the late 1950s and early 1960s (Anderson 7).

The citation "(Anderson 7)" tells readers that the information in the sentence was derived from page 7 of a work by an author named An- derson. If readers want more information about this source, they can turn to the works-cited list, where, under the name Anderson, they would find the following information.

 

Anderson, lain. This Is Our Music: Free Jazz, the Sixties, and American Culture. Philadelphia: U of Pennsylvania P, 2007. Print. The Arts and Intellectual Life in Mod. Amer.

This entry states that the work's author is lain Anderson and its title is This Is Our Music: Free Jazz, the Sixties, and American Culture. The remaining information relates, in shortened form, that the work was produced in Philadelphia by the University of Pennsylvania Press in 2007 as a print publication in a book series called The Arts and Intellectual Life in Modern America. Using the abbreviations listed in chapter 7 makes an entry in MLA style concise yet readable. Simi- larly, when the name of a contributor to a work appears more than once in an entry, only the last name appears after the initial occur- rence (for examples, see 5.5.8).

A citation in MLA style contains only enough information to en- able readers to find the source in the works-cited list. If the author's name is mentioned in the text, only the page number appears in the citation: "(7)." If more than one work by the author is in the list of works cited, a shortened version of the title is given: "(Anderson, This 7)." (See ch. 6 for a fuller discussion of parenthetical citations in MLA style.)

MLA style is not the only way to document sources. Many disci- plines have their own documentation systems. MLA style is widely used in the humanities. Although generally simpler and more concise than other documentation styles, it shares with most others its central feature: parenthetical citations keyed to a works-cited list. If you learn MLA documentation style at an early stage in your school career, you will probably have little difficulty in adapting to other styles.

Documentation styles differ according to discipline because they are shaped by the kind of research and scholarship undertaken. For example, in the sciences, where timeliness of research is crucial, the date of publication is usually given prominence. Thus, in the style recommended by the American Psychological Association (APA), a typical citation includes the date of publication (as well as the ab- breviation p. before the page number). Compare APA and MLA par- enthetical citations for the same source. (MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers)

Its Purpose : 

Source attribution : It allows writers to give proper credit to the authors and sources they have consulted and incorporated into their work. This practice upholds academic integrity and avoids plagiarism.

Information retrieval : MLA citations provide essential details about the sources used, such as author names, titles, publication dates, and other relevant information. This information enables readers to locate and retrieve the original sources for further research or verification.

Consistency and clarity : By adhering to a standardized set of guidelines, MLA style ensures consistency in the formatting and presentation of citations and references. This consistency facilitates ease of reading and comprehension for the audience.

Discipline-specific conventions : MLA style is tailored to meet the specific needs and conventions of the humanities disciplines. It recognizes the unique citation requirements for different types of sources commonly used in these fields, such as books, journal articles, websites, and literary works.

MLA style holds particular importance in academic writing, especially in the humanities disciplines, 

Credibility and academic integrity : In the humanities, where research often involves analyzing and interpreting various literary, cultural, and artistic works, proper source attribution is crucial. MLA style ensures that writers give credit to the original authors and ideas they have drawn upon, upholding the principles of academic integrity and avoiding plagiarism.

Documentation of sources : The humanities rely heavily on textual analysis, close reading, and the examination of primary and secondary sources. MLA style provides a standardized way to document and cite these diverse sources, enabling readers to locate and verify the referenced materials easily.

Facilitating research and discourse : Academic writing in the humanities contributes to ongoing scholarly conversations and debates. By adhering to MLA style, writers demonstrate their familiarity with accepted academic practices and their commitment to following established guidelines for documentation and citation. This enhances the overall quality and credibility of their work, facilitating effective communication and dialogue within their respective fields.

Discipline-specific conventions : MLA style is tailored to the specific citation needs and conventions of the humanities disciplines. It recognizes the unique requirements for citing various types of sources commonly used in these fields, such as literary works, poetry, plays, films, and artwork, ensuring that these sources are properly acknowledged and referenced.

Consistency and clarity : The consistent use of MLA style across humanities disciplines promotes clarity and ease of reading for scholars and students. By following a standardized format, writers ensure that their citations and references are presented in a clear and recognizable manner, facilitating comprehension and preventing confusion.

Ethical and responsible scholarship : Proper citation practices, as outlined in MLA style, are fundamental to ethical and responsible scholarship. By accurately crediting sources, writers demonstrate respect for intellectual property rights and contribute to the advancement of knowledge through transparent and accountable research practices. 

MLA style consists of three key components : 

1) In-text citations, 

2) the Works Cited list, and 

3) formatting guidelines. 

I. In-text Citations

• Purpose: To briefly credit sources within the body of the paper

• Author-page format

II. Works Cited List

• Purpose: To provide detailed information about the sources cited in the paper

• Structure

• Alphabetical order by author's last name or title (if no author)

• Hanging indentation for each entry

• Entry formats

• Books (Author's name, Title, Publication details)

• Journal articles ( Author's name, Article title, Journal name, Publication details)

• Website (Author's name (if available), Title of page or website, Website name, URL, Access date)

III. Formatting Guidelines

• General formatting

• Double-spacing throughout

• 1-inch margins

• Times New Roman or similar font, 12-point size

• Headings and sub-headings

• Formatting for different heading levels

• Examples: Level 1 Heading, Level 2 Heading, etc.

• Block quotes

• Indented and double-spaced

• Used for quotes longer than 4 lines

• Title page

• Student's name

• Instructor's name

• Course details

• Date

• Page numbers

• Included in the header or footer

• Last name and page number format

 

Uses of MLA style, and For What? 

MLA style is widely used by schools, academic departments, and instructors. It’s especially used in the humanities, such as, according to Purdue University’s writing lab:

English Language and Literature

Foreign Language and Literature

Literary Criticism

Comparative Literature

Cultural Studies

MLA style provides writers with a system for cross-referencing their sources from their parenthetical references (in-text citations) to their “Works Cited” page (bibliography). This cross-referencing system allows readers to locate the publication information of source material. Other disciplines use other style guidelines, such as APA style, from the American Psychological Association (APA). Scholars in such fields as psychology, education, and social sciences favor this style guide. (Claude AI)

Conclusion : 

MLA style is an essential skill for scholars and students in the humanities. It demonstrates a commitment to following accepted academic practices, upholding ethical standards, and contributing to the broader scholarly discourse. By adhering to MLA style, writers not only enhance the quality and credibility of their work but also contribute to the ongoing advancement of knowledge within their respective fields. MLA style is an essential component of academic writing in the humanities disciplines. Its standardized guidelines for citations, source documentation, and formatting play a crucial role in maintaining the integrity, credibility, and clarity of scholarly work.writers uphold the principles of academic integrity and avoid plagiarism. Proper citation practices give credit where it is due, acknowledging the ideas and contributions of others while also enabling readers to locate and verify the referenced materials easily. The consistent use of in-text citations and the Works Cited list ensures transparency and accountability in the research process.

Work Cited : 

"Claude AI." ClaudeAI.com, Claude Technologies Inc., 2022, https://www.claudeai.com/ 

MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. Modern Language Association of America, 2009.

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